Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2012 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 15 Articles
Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) is a sampling technique used in conjunction with infrared spectroscopy which enables samples to be examined directly in the solid, liquid or gas state without further preparation. An attenuated total reflection accessory operates by measuring the changes that occur in a totally internally reflected infrared beam when the beam comes into contact with a sample. ATR uses a property of total internal reflection resulting in an evanescent wave. A beam of infrared light is passed through the ATR crystal in such a way that it reflects at least once off the internal surface in contact with the sample. This reflection forms the evanescent wave which extends into the sample. Now a day its latest applications are Biodiesel Concentration Measurements, Qualitative analysis of toilet articles and household products & Determination of Protein Concentration in Raw Milk....
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is the most popular instrumental technique used for the analysis of pharmaceutical products. The aim of this paper is to review different HPLC methods developed for the analysis of various anti-ulcer drugs alone and in combination with other drugs. The selected papers are organized according to the different drugs. In conclusion comparison has been made between different methods which are developed for the analysis and from this comparison the best method in terms of mobile phase and column that can be employed for the HPLC analysis of individual drug has been suggested. This review will be useful reference for developing and validating methods for different antiulcer drugs.\r\nKeywords: Pharmaceutical analysis, HPLC methods, Anti-ulcer drugs, comparative study...
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is the most popular instrumental technique used for the analysis of pharmaceutical products. The aim of this paper is to review different HPLC methods developed for the analysis of various anti-diabetic drugs alone and in combination with other drugs. The selected papers are organized according to the different drugs. In conclusion comparison has been made between different methods which are developed for the analysis and from this comparison the best method in terms of mobile phase and column that can be employed for the HPLC analysis of individual drug has been suggested. This review will be useful reference for developing and validating methods for different antidiabetic drugs....
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography is relatively a new technique boon with reduced run time and lower solvent consumption as compared to HPLC. In ACQUITY UPLC, the second generation Bridged Ethane Hybrid (BEH) technology is suitably designed for low system and dwell volume. Taking into consideration various parameters, various HPLC methods are converted to UPLC in order to have faster results with more resolution and more information. Thus having a new technology using sub micron particles as column packing material, reduces process cycle time, increase sample throughput and assures end product quality....
A Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of ezetimibe (EZT) and simvastatin (SMV) in marketed tablet formulation .The determination was carried out on Inertsil ODS-3V, (150 × 4.6 mm, 5µ) column and 0.1% orthophosphoric acid in Milli Q water adjust PH 4.2 with triethylamine, methanol and acetonitrile (45:15:40) used as a mobile phase in gradient technique, at a flow rate of 1.8ml/min, the detection was carried out at 238nm. Retention time of EZT and SMV were found to be 5 and 10.50 min, respectively. The method has been validated according to ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. Linearity for EZT and SMV were found in the range of 5ppm-15ppm for both drugs. The correlation coefficient (r2) for EZT and SMV were found to be 0.9999 and 0.9998, respectively. The mean recoveries obtained for EZT and SMV were found to be 101% and 101.5%, respectively .Developed method was found to be accurate, precise, selective and rapid for simultaneous estimation of EZT and SMV in tablets....
Whey proteins are α Lactalbumin, β Lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase. These proteins are beneficial for human beings in various aspects. This review has compiled commonly used chromatographic techniques for purification or detection of whey proteins. Ion exchange chromatography technique was widely used for preparative scale separation of whey proteins. Size exclusion chromatography and RP HPLC were generally used for analytical separation....
Method development is the process of determining what conditions are adequate and/or ideal for the analysis required. In Gas chromatography(GC) carrier gas is sometimes selected based on the sample''s matrix, for example, when analyzing a mixture in argon, an argon carrier is preferred, Which gas to use is usually determined by the detector. Many modern GCs, however, electronically measure the flow rate, and electronically control the carrier gas pressure to set the flow rate. Consequently, carrier pressures and flow rates can be adjusted during the run, creating pressure/flow programs similar to temperature programs. The polarity of the solute is crucial for the choice of stationary compound; in GC both open as well as packed column are used. In GC injection technique depends on state of sample that is either in liquid, gas adsorbed or solid form. Sample injection system is based on differences in boiling point, polarity, concentration or thermal/catalytic stability and column selection depend upon polarity of sample but mostly depends upon functional group of sample. Column temperature is selected to compromise between the length of the analysis and the level of separation. The thermal-conductivity (TCD) and flame-ionization (FID) detectors are the two most common detectors on commercial gas chromatographs. Method validation parameter are depends on the stage of product readiness at the point of submission for approval. The objective of validation of an analytical procedure is to demonstrate that it is suitable for its intended purpose....
Drug approval of a new drug is the goal of the long process of drug development. Once the data of preclinical and clinical trial have been collected, a New Drug Application must be submitted to the regulatory authority of the country for approval. Although the requirements for this submission have similarities around the world, until now, the applications have been different In different countries. Regulatory authorities working under the umbrella of the International Conference on Harmonisation. Main objective of the approval procedure is to provide safety,efficacy and qualityof drugs to the society and human beings.so this article contains different new drug approval procedures for countries like India, America, Canada, Europe and Japan....
Daily from different sources, Accumulation of health care or pharmaceutical wastes occurs. It is hazardous to live objects as well as environments. There must be some guidelines for handling, storage, transportation and treatment of wastes. In this review articles detailed description of WHO (World Health Organisation) guidelines has been mentioned. Herein review waste disposal methods, Criteria of storage, Handling, treatment options for cytotoxic, radioactive and chemical waste as well as precautions for waste minimization has been mentioned as per WHO guidelines. It also includes usefulness of guidelines and also latest updates and recycling and reuse of the waste. It describes the colour code for transportation vehicles and handling and storage facility as per WHO guidelines....
Three simple, sensitive, rapid and accurate colorimetric methods (Method 1, 2 and 3) have been developed for the estimation of Artesunate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Method 1 was based on the formation of green colored complex between Artesunate and 3- methyl-2 benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrocholoride (MBTH) in presence of ferric chloride, which shows maximum absorbance at 661nm. Method 2 was based on the formation of pink coloured complex formation between Artesunate and 3, 5 –dinitrosalicyliacid (DNSA) in alkaline condition, which shows maximum absorbance at 510nm. Method 3 was based on the formation of yellowish coloured complex formation between Artesunate and P – dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (PDAB) in acidic condition, which shows maximum absorbance at 468nm. The linearity was found to be 10-50, 50-250 and 15-75 μg/ml for method 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Proposed methods were validated statistically and the recovery studies were carried out by standard addition method....
Polyherbal formulation is to be effective mainly in various type of disorder, has been standardized by following modern scientific quality control procedures both for the raw material and the finished product. It was subjected to macro-microscopic, Physico-chemical, preliminary phytochemical, TLC and HPTLC to fix the quality standards of this drug. This study was results a set of diagnostic characters essential for its standardisation. TLC and HPTLC fingerprinting were employed to fix standards. The values obtained after physicochemical parameters study showed that these values should be helpful to develop new pharmacopoeial standards. This will be helpful to overcome batch to batch variations in traditional preparation of the physicochemical constituents found to be present in raw material used for the preparation of formulation possibly facilitate the desirable therapeutic efficacy of the medicinal formulation...
A new, simple, and reliable UV-spectrophotometric absorption correction method has been developed for simultaneous determination of Piperacillin and Tazobactam in combined pharmaceutical dosage form. The method is based upon determination of Piperacillin at 270 nm and Tazobactam at 225 nm, in aqueous solution. Piperacillin and Tazobactam show linearity in the concentration range of 10-80 μg/ml and 2-12 μg/ml respectively. The percentage recovery was in the range of 99.92% ‐ 100.27% for Piperacillin and 99.88% ‐ 100.30% for Tazobactam. The developed method was validated statistically and the % RSD value was found to be less than 2....
A simple, precise, accurate and rapid spectrophotometric method has been developed for estimation of Febuxostat (FEB). For this absorption maxima method (Method A) and Area under Curve Method (Method B) is used. The method involved measurement of absorbance at wavelengths 315 nm for method A and method B involved measurement of area under curve in the wavelength range 306 to 324 nm for FEB. Beer’s law obeyed in concentration range of 2 to 14 µg/mL by both the methods. The results obtained are reproducible with a coefficient of variation less than 2%. These methods were validated for precision, reproducibility, linearity and accuracy as per ICH guidelines. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the commercial tablets without any interference of excipients....
Mefenamic acid (MEFE) and Dicyclomine hydrochloride (DICYCLO) are used in combined dosage form for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Inflammation in abdominal pain and muscular spasm. Literature describes, no method has been reported for the simultaneous estimation of MEFE and DICYCLO in combined dosage form by UV spectrophotometry. For the simultaneous estimation of MEFE and DICYCLO by two UV spectrophotometry methods have been developed. The, (1) First order derivative method, and (2) Second order derivative method has been developed. For the linearity for MEFE and DICYCLO are lies between 40-80 µg/mL and 1.6-3.2 µg/mL respectively with co-relation co-efficient > 0.998. The solvent is used is 0.1N NaoH. For the first order derivative method the wavelength selected are 274.59 nm for MEFE and 252.95 nm for DICYCLO, for the second order derivative method the wavelength selected are 259.5 nm for MEFE and 271.55 nm for DICYCLO. All the developed methods are validated according to ICH guidelines. The proposed methods for estimation of MEFE and DICYCLO were found to be simple, precise, accurate, economical and statistically validated and are applicable for the simultaneous determination of MEFE and DICYCLO in ophthalmic dosage form....
A simple, sensitive, rapid and precise RP-HPLC method has been developed for the estimation of Gemifloxacin in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Stainless steel column packed with C18 chemically bonded porous silica. The particle size of 5?m, length 4.6mm x 250 mm was used for the separation. The mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile and Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (20:80), adjust the pH 3.0 by ortho phosphoric acid. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and the detection was carried out at 266.0 nm. The retention time was found to be 11.166 min. This method is validated for Linearity, Specificity, Accuracy, System suitability, Precision, Ruggedness, and Robustness. The proposed method is a good approach for obtaining reliable results and found to be suitable for the routine analysis in Gemifloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations....
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